Railroad-crossing gate



(No'ModeL) A 5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

0. H. CLARK.

RAILROAD CROSSING GATE.

No. 396,072. Patented Jan. 15, 1889.

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(N0 Modeh) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

O.'H.OLARK.

RAILROAD CROSSING-GATE. I No. 396,072. Patented Jan. 15, 1889.

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'0. H. CLARK.

RAILROAD cnossme GATE.

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' O. H. CLARK. RAILROAD cnossnm GATE. No. 396,072. Patented Jan. 15, 1889.

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(No Model.) 5 Sheets+Sheet 5.

'0. H. CLARK.

RAILROAD CROSSING GATE. No. 396,072.. Patented Jan. 15, 18:89..

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UNITED STATES PATENT EEIcE.

RAILROAD-CROSSING GATE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 396,072, dated January 15, 1889.

Application filed January 24, 1884. Renewed July 3, 1888. Serial No. 278,956. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, OLIVER H. CLARK, of Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Railroad-Crossing Gates; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,iand exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a standard and oscillating barrier of a railroad-crossing gate containing my improved automatic devices for operating the barrier. Fig. 2 is a View of the weight-staiulard. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the main standard, Fig. 1, a portion of the casing being removed, and shows the position of the parts when the barrier is down. Fig. 4 is a vertical section on the line at 0:, Fig. 6, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 5 is an end elevation looking in the direction of the arrow in Figs. 1 and 3. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the parts below the line y y, Fig. 4, the wheels which support and operate the barrier being removed. Fig. '7 is a perspective view of the operating-wheels from the right-hand side, Fig. 5, showing their relative position to the stop or escapementmechanism, some parts of which have been omitted for the sake of clearness of illustration of the more essential parts.

Like figures of reference indicate like parts in each.

Stated generally, the characteristics of this construction are as follows, Viz: the barrier is mounted on a loose shaft and is provided with a counter-weight, which balances it. Two weights are employed, one to raise and the other to depress the barrier. Mounted loosely on the shaft, on each side of a central wheel keyed to the shaft, are two wheels or pulleys which are acted-on in opposite directions by the weights. The central wheel has two pawls, one on each side, extending in opposite directions and ninety degrees apart,which engage ratchet-teeth on a pair of intermediate wheels, and are designed to connect the loose barrier-shaft with the weight-pulleys alternately, to effect the alternate lowering and raising of the barrier. The intermediate wheels are each providedwith a pawl which engages with a ratchet-rack on the periphery standards.

of the adjacent weight pulley, said pawls and ratchets extending in opposite directions. The weight-pulleys are controlled by stops acting on the intermediate wheels, which stops are operated by an escapement-movement, which in turn is controlled by an electro-magnet included in an electric circuit, which may be operated from any desired'point.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will now describe it by reference to the drawings. Y

Referring now to the drawings, I will state that Fig. 1 shows but one standard and barrier. Usually there are two or four standards and barriers at each crossing. The barriers extend across the road or street alongside of the track. The operating mechanism is contained in one standard, called the main standard, and the barriers of the other standards are operated from the main standard by ropes, chains, shafting, and gearing, or other powerconnections extending between them underground. It is unnecessary for the purpose of this case that the other standards be shown, and I have therefore omitted all but the main standard.

The main standard 1 consists of a boX or casing, 2, having a removable cap, 3, and bosses 4, to afford bearings for the shafts contained therein. The main shaft 5 is loose in its bearings, so as to turn freely, and its ends extend beyond the sides of the casing 2, so that the rear or bifurcated end of the barrier 6 may be keyed thereto, as shown in Fig. 1. The barrier 6 is provided with counter-weights 7, which are heaw'y enough to balance the long front end.

Referring now to Fig. 5, there is keyed to the shaft 5 a central wheel, 8, which is pro Vided with grooves 9 for the ropes or chains which actuate the barriers of the companion At the sides of the wheel 8 are two wheels, 10 and 11, called intermediate wheels, which are of less diameter than the wheel 8 and are loose on the shaft 5. Wheel 10 is provided on its periphery with four ratchet-teeth, 12 12 12 12 and wheel 11 has a like number of ratchet-teeth, 13.13 13 13 running in the opposite direction; and on opposite sides of the wheel 8, beyond the edges of the wheels 10 11, are the paw'ls 14 and 15,

which extend in opposite directions and engage the ratehet-tecth, the pawl l-l en gaging the teeth on the wheel on the left side of the wheel 8, and thepawl the teeth on the wheel 11 on the right side. Also mounted loosely on the shaft 5, outside of the wheels 10 and l], are the combined ratchet and pulley wheels 1 l3 17, the grooves 19 and [ll of which receive the ropes or chains of the actuatingweights, and of which the ratcln' t-racks 20 and E21 engage the pawls 22 and 23, pivoted on the sides of the wheels l0 and ll, and, like the teeth of the racks 2t) and 2], extending in opposite directitms. The pawl 22, on the left side of the wheel 10, engages the rack 20, and the pawl 23, on the right side of the wheelll, engages the rack 21. The wheels 10 and it] move from left to right, being so actuated by the weight attached to the chain 24, and the 1 wheels 11 and 1.7 from right. to left, being so actuated by the weight attached to chain 25,

swing upward.

and the wheel ll), when. moving, must turn the wheel 8 in like direction, and wheels 10 i The ratchet} teeth, rack, and pawls are arranged to conand 16 are loose on the shaft neet the wheels it), 10, and 8 together when the wheel 10 moves, so that they all move together. The same is also true of the wheels 1 1 and 1.7, their ratchet-teeth, and pawls,whieh are moved in the opposite direction by the chain -5. The pawls 1t and 15 and the pawls :22 and 23 are respectively provided with springs 26 and 27, to hold them in contaetwith the ratchet-teeth and racks. Lugs 77 77 are provided on the inside of the case to trip the pawls 14C and These lugs are so placed in the path of the pawls that they strike the ends of the latter at the proper moment to raise said pawls, and thus effect; the alternate release of the central wheel, 8, from the reversely-mtwing wheels standing on its opposite sides.

I will now describe the escapementmovement, cons sting of two parts, which T will denomiuz'tte primary and swondary escapements.

Referring to Fig. 23, which is a side view of the mechanism showing all the operative parts relating to the right-hand side of the same, and all that relate to the closin of the barrier, which in the drawings is supposed to be closed, and also referring to Fig. 7, which is a perspective of most of the devices shown in Fig. 3, on a suitable support, 98,is an electro magnet, 29, which is arrangeijl in the circuit 30, Fig. 1, of a suitable battery, 3],and is provided with a vibrating armature, 332, the upper end of which is flattened, as at 33, to alford alternately a support for the inner ends of two levers, 3i and 3t, arranged opposite to each other. The lever EB-t, counterweighted at its outer extremity, so as to reduce to a minimum the weight upon the armature-lever 32, is rigidly mounted on a shaft, 35, which has its bearings in a standard, 36, and a strap, 37. Rigidly attached to the shaft are other arms or levers, and 39. Extending from the opposite side is an arm, 40, which is weighted at 78 near its outer end and keyed toa shaft, i l. The outer end of the. arm 4-0 rests on a pivoted stop, 42, mounted in a slot in the arm 3!), which stop is incapable of downward movement, but may be turned upward. 'If. turned upward, it is immediately restored to position, as in Fig. I by a spring, 4-2 arlanged behind it for that pur mse; also keyed to the shaft- 41 are two other arms, 44 and 45, the functions of which will be explained.

At the right side of Fig. 33 is a shaft, lo, having its hearing in one of the bosses -1 Fig. 1, and in the cross-lmrs 4:7 and :"iti,Fig. (i, and keyed to it is an arm, -l: ,which extends across the standard, and at; its outer end has a crosspin, it), which rests on a stop, 50, mounted on the swinging arm 5]. The stop has a spur resting against a stop, Fig. .3, which prevents its downward movement, but it can It is restored to its normal position (shown in Fig. 3 whenever swung upward by a spring, 53, placed back of it, Figs. (1 and 7. The arm. 51. and the arm 54; are keyed to the shaft which has its hearings in a boss, 4, and the cross-bar 5o, lkig. G. ()n the face of the arm 54: is a projection or catch, 7%, and. secured to the shaft t1, Figs. 3 and (5, is a short arm, 73, which, when the parts are in their normal position, fits over the catch 7 t and prevents the arm 54: and its shaft 55 from turning, so as to hold the arm 51 in position to support the outer end of the radial arm 4-8. Keyed to the shaft 11:6 are two rocking arms, 57 and 5%. (Shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3 and in full lines in Fig. ti.) .Pivotally connected to the arm 57 is a stop or pawl, 59, having a guide-pin, (if), which projects laterally therefrom into the guide-slot 61, Fig. 23, in the cross-bar 56. Connected in like manner to the arm is a stop or pawl, 5:2, having a giiidwpin, ($13, which projects laterally therefrom into a guide-slot, 64-, lso in the cross bar 56. The ends of the stops or pawls :39 and oz are square, so as to engage with the teeth on the intermediate wheel, l l.

livoted loosely on the shaft 67, which is journaled in the cross-hal- 56, is a. hook, (35, which acts, in, conjunction with a projection, Go, on the arm 40, Fig. 3, to support thelatter atcertain times in the operation, as shown in Fig. 3, and keyed to the shaft 07 is an arm,

68, which projects down past the left side of a pin, 69, on the hook 65. Also keyed to and rising vertically from the shaft (37 is an arm, 70, which stands in the path of a pin, 71, Fig. I), on the side of the center wheel, 8, so as to be struck by the pin as the wheel 8 turns, and thereby cause the shaft 67 to turn and the arm 08 to strike the pin 69 and force the hook backward, so that it shall no longer support the arm l0. Back of the hook 65 is a spring, 7 2, which bears against the hook and restores it to its normal position. (Shown in Fig. 3.) i

I will now describe the operation of the de vices as they act. when the barrier 6 passes from a vertical or open position to a horizontal or closed position, the latter being the one shown in the drawings. The gate is closed by releasing the wheels, so that the weight 25, Fig. 5, shall be free to descend. Before the descent began the tooth 13 at the top of Fig. 3 occupied the position of the tooth 13 at the right of the figure, the stop 62 of the escapement mechanism withdrew from the path of the tooth 13, which then stood at the lowest point, and the stop 59 was thrown forward into its path; the weight-pulley 17 then turned in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 3, and being connected to the center wheel, 8, by means of the rack 21, pawl 23, wheel 11, tooth 13, and pawl 15, turned it through an arc of ninety degrees, bringing it to the position shown in Fig. 3, lowering the barrier. It will be remembered that stops 62 and 59 are pivotally connected to the arms 57 and 58, secured to the shaft 46, to which shaft is keyed the arm 48, controlled by the escapement mechanism, and consequently while the arm 48 is held by the mechanism the stop 62 prevents the movement of wheel 11; but when the arm 48 is released then stop 62 recedes and is lifted out of the ratchet-tooth by cam slot or guide 64, while stop 59 advances into the path of the ratchet-tooth, and in its turn is forced back and lifted out of the ratchet-tooth by its cam slot or guide 61. The recession of the stop 59 rocks the shaft 46 and brings stop 62 up to the periphery of wheel 11 after the ratchet-tooth has passed and in time to engage with the following ratchet-tooth. lVith this general description of the operation of the stops 59 and 62, I will further describe the operation of the escapement mechanism which controls the stops. 13 of the wheel 11 from the stop 62, which was necessary in order to permit this partial revolution of the wheels, waseffected'as follows-viz: a current was sent through the magnet 29, attracting the armature 32, and thereby withdrawing the support from the outer end of the arm 34 and permitting it to descend, either by reason of its own weight and the weight of the arm 38, or by reason of the pressure of the arm 011 the catch 42. This, causing the shaft 35 to turn, caused the arms 38 and 39 also to swing backward, withdrawing the support 42 of the outer end of the arm 40 and permitting it to fall, the arms 44 and 45 moving with it, the three arms 40, 44, and 45 being keyed to the shaft 41. The turning of the shaft 41 causes the short arm 73 to rise off the catch 74 and release the arm 54. The arm 45 coming in contact with arm 54 causes it and the arm 51, both being keyed to the same shaft 55, to swing backward, thereby withdrawing the support from the outer end of the arm 48 and releasing the shaft 46, which is held from turning so long-as the arm 48 is held by the catch 50. Then the stop 62, being no longer supported, yields to the pressure of the weight 25, acting through the wheel 11 and tooth 13,

The release of the tooth and is pressed backward, its pin 63 moving 62, acting through the arm 58, turns the shaft 46 and throws the arm 57 forward, so as to press the arm or stop 59, guided by the pin 60 and slot 61, into the path of the tooth 13. As the wheel 8 is carried by the wheels 17 and 11 from right to left through an arc of ninety degrees, as indicated, the pin 71, passing through the same distance, takes its posit-ion, as shown in Fig. 3, at the right of the arm 70. In so doing it first presses the arm backward and out of its path, at the same time throwing the lever 68 away from the pin 69, so that the hook 65 will not be disturbed or the arm 40 allowed to drop from its support thereon during such movement of the wheel 8. As the arm 48 falls, the inner end of the pin 49 comes into contact with the rear side of the portion of the arm 44 and forces the arm 44 forward, causing the shaft 41 to turn in the same direction and thereby to raise the arm 40. The lifting of the arm 40 causes the lowering of the arm 73, so that the recess in the latter passes back of the projection 74 on the arm 54, therebypreventing the shaft 55 from accidentally turning, and insuring the support of the arm 48 until such time as it is designedly .released. The portion 75 of the arm 44 is long enough to cause the travel of the pin 49 on it to restore the arms 40, 44, and 45 to their normal posi tions, as shown in Fig. The part 76 of the arm 44 corresponds with the are described by the inner side of the pin 49. The latter having passed over the part 75, and thereby raised the arm 40 to its position above the hook 65, then passes along the part 76, sustaining the arm 40 in its position until the hook 65,which is loosely pivoted, having been previously released by lever 68, recovers its place under the projection 66; As the arm 40 rises, it encounters and raises the arm 38, Fig. 3, and with it the arms 34 and 39, but it does not at once fall back to and rest upon the support 42, for it is supported by the hook 65 slightly above the support 42, and the arm 34 is sustained slightly above the level of the top of the armature During this stage of the operation the parts constituting the secondary escapement, consisting of the arms 34 38 39 4O 44 45 73 and hook 65, are all restored to place; and it now remains to show how the primary escapement, consisting, with the exception of the hook 65, of the parts supported by cross-bar 56, is restored to its normal position. The revolution of the wheel 11 causes the tooth 13 to come in contact with and press against the end of the arm or pawl 59, forcingit back out of the way in the slot 61. This movement of 59 turns the shaft 46, raising the arm 48 and throwing the arm or pawl 62 forward into its normal position in the path of the tooth 13 As the arm 48-comes up, its pin 49 forces the pivoted stop 50 back out of the way and passes it, and then the stop falls back into position under the pin and supports the arm t8. This completes the operation of the parts shown in Fig. 3, and the wheels continue to move until they have n'iade a quarterturn, when the tooth 1123 comes in contact with the stop 62, and then their movement is stopped and the barrier is down, or in a horizontal position, as shown in l ig. l. lnnnediately before the :trrest ot' the wheels, as stated, the barrier, l ig. l, cushions upon a spring, 79 as to prevent sudden strain caused by the jar upon the arm tip or its connected parts. In like manner when the lmrrier brtmght to a vertical position it: first cushions against the spring 80, retarding the movement of the rotating wheels, which are finally arrested by the stop H2. The barrier is raised again by the operation ot the devices on the opposite side of the main or center wheel, These devices are duplicates of the parts shown in Fig. 3, and are marked with the same reterence-numbers, but are distinguished therefrom by the prinms' character.

As has been previousl y stated, the pawls 1t and 15 are never both engaged with. the ratchet-wheel at the same time, but alternately, one pawl being ieleased by its cam 77 at the instant the other pawl is ready to engage.

Referring to Figs. 3 and -t-, and tracing the operation of the parts,it will be noted that when pawl 15 was on the right, in the position where tooth 13 isnow represented, the spring 26 held it in engagement with tooth 153 and wheels 11 and 8 moved together from right to left in the direction of the arrow and under force of weight attached to chain 25, until they reached the posit ion shown in the figures, when cam 77 trips the pawl. 15 and releases the wheel 1|, which is then held by stop (3:2. It will also be seen that when the pawl arrives at the position shown the pawl it, moving in like direction, through a like distance, arrives in front of the tooth 12 \Vhen the stop H2 is withdrawn and the wheels and lb are permitted to rotate, as described, the pawl ll, resting aga-ii'ist the tooth l2, -arries the wheel back to its original positit'in, when the tang of the pawl is pressed down by the spring 215 and the pawl 15 arrives in .t'rontoi' the tooth 13. The central wheel is again carried from right to left in directitm ot' the arrow, the pawl 15 uppermost, when wheels 1] and 17 are permitted by the action otf their escapement to make anothtn' partial revolution to the left. The action of the escapement in the latter case implies the closing of the barrier and is consequent upon the attraction of the armature ii, as has been fully deserilnrd. The raising oi the barrier, or the reverse movement oi. the wheel 5, follows the rotation of the wheels 10 and it to the right, and in turn implies the operation of their escapement (marked primus) and is consequent upon the retraction or opposite movement of the armature 32. The parts in Fig. 3 remain in the position shown therein so long as the electric current is passing through the magnet 29, and while such is the case the armature is held in contact with the core of the magnet and supports the arm 34:, as shown in Fig. 7'.

\Yhen it is desired to open the gate or raise the barrier, the circuit to the magi'iet is opened and then the armature 32 is retracted by its spring and comes into a supporting position. under the arm EH. its witlnlrawalfrom under the arm 234. permits the latter to fall and the escapelnents marked pritnus, on the left side of the standard, Figs. 4 and ti, to act in the same manner as has been described with re lation to the right-hand escapei'nents in Fig. 3. This releases the weight-pulley 113, which, being actuated by the weight 24, turns from left to right, as indicated by the arrow marked thereon in l ig. 5, and carries with it the intermediate wheel, 10, and the main wheel. 8. As the latter turns back, the projection 71, Fig. 3, strikes the upper end of the arm 7t) and throws the hook I backward, letting the arm 40 tall down to tin support- =t13 and the arm 3-H onto the upper end of the armature 32. The escapement shown in Fig. I} is then ready to act whenever the electric current isagain sent through the magnet to withdraw the armature from under the arm 234-. The other (or primus) escapement acts in preciselythe same way, except that it is released by opening the circuit to the magnet, instead of closing it thereto.

It only remains to state that when it is desired to close the barrier ti a current is sent through the magnet from the block or signal house or other place where the circuit-closer is located, and that .i t is raised. by opening the circuit. l have spoken of the circuit-closer being placetil in and operated from a station house, but i will add that the circuit may be closed and opened :{Llliullttttltli'tily by a passing train by the use of any of the constructioi'is heretofore devised for railway-signaling suitable for the purpose.

In Fig. 2 I show the post or standard Si, which contains the actuatingweights S2 83, which move in a vertical opening, Set. The weight 82 is connected to the ends of the chain 25,which extends to the top of the post, and thence by sheave: 8:7, 86, and 87 to and around the pulley 17, and thence by sheaves S8 and 89 back to the weight 92. The other weight, 33, is connected to the chain 24, which passes over the pulley 1b, and is extended in the same nmnner bymeansoi similar sheaves. Reels ()0 91 are provided in the post 81 for raisin the weights S2 S3. The cords or chains J2 extend from the grooves t) of the central wheel, 8, to other stamlards, where they cause the barriers to move in unison with barrier (3.

The iittermediate wheels are of use only in connection with the escapement or stop mechanism. So far as any advzitntage in their use as connecting devices is concerned, they may be dispensed with and the pulley-wheels be connected directly to the central wheel, 8, by

reversely-extending racks and pawls. The intermediate wheels, 10 11, are of use when a stop mechanism or escapement is employed to prevent the movement of the pulley and weights, except when it is necessary to effect the opening or closing of the gate. The stop mechanism cannot be applied directly to the central wheel for the reason that said wheel has to move in both directions, and at each movement the stop mechanism must be holding one or the other of the pulleys from turning. The pulleys are made of much smaller diameter than the central wheel, so that the fall of the weights necessary to effect the oscillation of the barriers may be small, and thereby obviate the necessity for frequent raising of the operating-weights.

My invention has its advantages in the fact that by it crossing-gates can be operated from a station at-any desired distance away, or, as stated, automatically by the passing trains, thereby doing away with gatemen, or, if desired, putting the operation of any desired number of gates in the care of one person in a central station, as in the case of a freightyard crossed by several streets.

The hereinbefore-described invention is an improvement on that granted to me in Letters Patent No. 307,098, dated October 28, 1884.

lVha-t I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a railroad-crossing or similar gate, th combination of an oscillating barrier, a wheel secured to the shaft of the barrier, two loose clutch-wheels, one on each side of the fixed wheel, and having reversely-arranged pawl, ratchet, and trip mechanism, locking-stops for each clutch-wheel, and the escapement mechanism, substantially as described, for actuating the stops, whereby the barrier may be both raised and lowered by pulleys and weights, substantially as and for the purposes speciiied.

2. In a railroad-crossin g or similar gate having an oscillating barrier with a fixed wheel on its shaft, and a loose clutch-wheel, the combination therewith of a shaft, 46, having two arms or cranks, 57 and 58, stops or pawls 59 and 62, pivoted on said arms, an arm or lever, 48, secured to and extending transversely from the shaft, a support, 51, and suitable mechanism for tripping the support 51, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. In a railroad-crossing or similar gate having an oscillating barrier with a fixed wheel and loose clutch-pulleys on its shaft,

and having a rocking arm with looking stops or pawls, the combination therewith of a vibrating arm or lever attached to the rockshaft of the pawls, a support for the free end of the vibrating arm or lever, and a second vibrating lever, 40, controlled by a trip, and an arm, 7 3, on the shaft of the last-mentioned lever, which controls the support or trip of the first-named vibrating arm or lever, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. In a railroad-crossing or similar gate having an oscillating barrier with a fixed wheel and loose clutch-wheels on its shaft, a rock-shaft with pawls or stops, a vibrating arm for controlling the rock-shaft, a trip, and a second vibrating arm, 40, for-controlling the first trip, 51, the combination therewith of a second trip, 34 42, operated by the armature of an electro-magnet, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

5. In a railroad-crossing or similar gate having an oscillating barrier with a fixed wheel and loose clutclrwheels on its shaft, a rock-arm with pawls or stops, trips, and vibrating levers for operating the trips, the combination therewith of a hook, 65, and a trip, 68 and 7 O, operated from the :lixed wheel 8 of the shaft, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

6. In a railroad-crossing or similar gate having an oscillating barrier with a fixed wheel and loose clutch-wheels on its shaft, a rock-arm with pawls and trips, the combination therewith of a tappet, 45, and a cam-arm, 44 76, keyed to the shaft of a vibrating lever, 40, and a pin 011 a rock-arm, 48, whereby the rock-arm is caused to operate the lever 40, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

7. In a railroad-crossing or similar gate having an oscillating barrier with a fixed wheel and loose clutch-wheels on its shaft, and rock-shaft and pawls, the combination therewith of an escapement mechanism consisting of the vibrating arm 48, trip 51 54, vibrating arm 40 7 3, tappet 45, cam-arm 44, hook 65, trip 68 70, fixed wheel 8, trip 34 42, and an electro magnet and its armature, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand this 18th day of January, A. D. 1884.

OLIVER H. CLARK.

\Vitnesses:

W. B. COR\VIN, THOMAS B. KERR, 

